Endocrine Abstracts

The documentation of goiter as a swollen neck is well known in the history before its medical description. Artists depicted what they saw in humans, the swollen human neck was the norm in many areas with endemic goiter in old Egypt, Greece, South America, and mountainous areas in central Italy and Switzerland. Sculptures from the ancient civilizations clearly demonstrated endemic goiters and cretinism in areas of environmental iodine deficiency. The engraved stones in old Egyp...

Introduction: Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism is considered a major cornerstone in making early diagnosis and starting therapy in neonates. This is a very important step to prevent the consequences of untreated hypothyroidism including mental retardation and developmental delay. Neonatal screening is usually conducted by screening the level of T4 with or without TSH level. Confirming the diagnosis of hypothyroidism is a very important step before starting ther...

Background: Pediatric patients with diabetes are required to adhere to strict regimens including blood glucose testing, insulin therapy, and dietary restrictions. Adequate glucose control is necessary to prevent acute and chronic complications. Testing Hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) provides a simple evaluation of diabetes control and compliance with therapy. Psychological factors (depression, anxiety) play a major role in pediatric diabetes compliance. Access to psychological suppor...

Background: Transition of diabetes care from adolescents to adulthood remains a challenging field due to many social, demographic, and economic factors. During the transition phase, strong emphasis should be placed on encouraging teens to assume self-care and self-management of their diabetes through guided practice of physical and practical skills needed once they transition to adult care.Objectives: Through the Medicaid 1115 Waiver-Delivery System Refo...